The continuous increase in resistance associated with conventional drugs is gradually shifting focus to herbal remedies as an alternative globally. This study was designed to investigate the immunostimulatory and antimicrobial claims of Super-7 herbal mixture (SHM) and Odogwu cleanser herbal mixture (OCHM) commercially available in Enugu State, Nigeria. Immunomodulatory properties of the products on the Delayed Type Hypersensitivity reaction (DTHr), the Primary and Secondary humoral response and the in vivo leucocyte mobilization were evaluated using a total of one hundred and forty-six (146) Swiss albino rats. The spectrum of antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion method using eight (8) selected microorganisms. The LD50 of both products was greater than 100% ml/kg body weight. OCHM elicited significant (p<0.05) dose dependent increase in total leucocyte and neutrophil counts compared to Levamisole (2.5mg/kg) and the untreated group. A 100% ml/kg SHM (78.07%) also exhibited significantly (p<0.05) higher oedema inhibitory potentials compared to the standard drug (levamisole = 65.78%). Samples of SHM demonstrated dose dependent antibacterial activities against B. subtilis and S. typhi, while only exhibiting antifungal activity against C. albicans (IZD = 9.0±0.0 mm). OCHM was observed to inhibit E. coli, S. typhi, S. aureus, B. subtilis, S. typhi and the fungus C. albicans. An average bioload of 2.8 x 104±1.0 CFU/ml which was higher than the average count (2.8 x 104±1.0 CFU/ml) obtained for OCHM. Conclusively, this study showed that samples of SHM and OCHM exhibited significant immunostimulatory and antimicrobial properties, but also recorded the presence of microbial contaminants.
| Published in | American Journal of BioScience (Volume 11, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajbio.20231101.12 |
| Page(s) | 11-20 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Super-7 Herbal Mixture, Odogwu Cleanser Herbal Mixture, Antimicrobial Claims, Immunostimulatory, Enugu, Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Reaction (DTHr), The Primary, Secondary Humoral Response
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APA Style
Enebechi Charles Kenechukwu, Ugwu Malachy Chigozie, Nwobodo David Chinemerem, Enebechi Godson Uchenna, Emencheta Stephen Chijioke, et al. (2023). Immunostimulatory and Antimicrobial Claims of Super-7 Herbal Mixture (SHM) and Odogwu Cleanser Herbal Mixture (OCHM) Commercially Available in Enugu State, Nigeria. American Journal of BioScience, 11(1), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20231101.12
ACS Style
Enebechi Charles Kenechukwu; Ugwu Malachy Chigozie; Nwobodo David Chinemerem; Enebechi Godson Uchenna; Emencheta Stephen Chijioke, et al. Immunostimulatory and Antimicrobial Claims of Super-7 Herbal Mixture (SHM) and Odogwu Cleanser Herbal Mixture (OCHM) Commercially Available in Enugu State, Nigeria. Am. J. BioScience 2023, 11(1), 11-20. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20231101.12
AMA Style
Enebechi Charles Kenechukwu, Ugwu Malachy Chigozie, Nwobodo David Chinemerem, Enebechi Godson Uchenna, Emencheta Stephen Chijioke, et al. Immunostimulatory and Antimicrobial Claims of Super-7 Herbal Mixture (SHM) and Odogwu Cleanser Herbal Mixture (OCHM) Commercially Available in Enugu State, Nigeria. Am J BioScience. 2023;11(1):11-20. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20231101.12
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ajbio.20231101.12,
author = {Enebechi Charles Kenechukwu and Ugwu Malachy Chigozie and Nwobodo David Chinemerem and Enebechi Godson Uchenna and Emencheta Stephen Chijioke and Ugwu Chiamaka Belinda and Okoye Festus Basden Chiedu},
title = {Immunostimulatory and Antimicrobial Claims of Super-7 Herbal Mixture (SHM) and Odogwu Cleanser Herbal Mixture (OCHM) Commercially Available in Enugu State, Nigeria},
journal = {American Journal of BioScience},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {11-20},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajbio.20231101.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20231101.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbio.20231101.12},
abstract = {The continuous increase in resistance associated with conventional drugs is gradually shifting focus to herbal remedies as an alternative globally. This study was designed to investigate the immunostimulatory and antimicrobial claims of Super-7 herbal mixture (SHM) and Odogwu cleanser herbal mixture (OCHM) commercially available in Enugu State, Nigeria. Immunomodulatory properties of the products on the Delayed Type Hypersensitivity reaction (DTHr), the Primary and Secondary humoral response and the in vivo leucocyte mobilization were evaluated using a total of one hundred and forty-six (146) Swiss albino rats. The spectrum of antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion method using eight (8) selected microorganisms. The LD50 of both products was greater than 100% ml/kg body weight. OCHM elicited significant (pB. subtilis and S. typhi, while only exhibiting antifungal activity against C. albicans (IZD = 9.0±0.0 mm). OCHM was observed to inhibit E. coli, S. typhi, S. aureus, B. subtilis, S. typhi and the fungus C. albicans. An average bioload of 2.8 x 104±1.0 CFU/ml which was higher than the average count (2.8 x 104±1.0 CFU/ml) obtained for OCHM. Conclusively, this study showed that samples of SHM and OCHM exhibited significant immunostimulatory and antimicrobial properties, but also recorded the presence of microbial contaminants.},
year = {2023}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Immunostimulatory and Antimicrobial Claims of Super-7 Herbal Mixture (SHM) and Odogwu Cleanser Herbal Mixture (OCHM) Commercially Available in Enugu State, Nigeria AU - Enebechi Charles Kenechukwu AU - Ugwu Malachy Chigozie AU - Nwobodo David Chinemerem AU - Enebechi Godson Uchenna AU - Emencheta Stephen Chijioke AU - Ugwu Chiamaka Belinda AU - Okoye Festus Basden Chiedu Y1 - 2023/02/14 PY - 2023 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20231101.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ajbio.20231101.12 T2 - American Journal of BioScience JF - American Journal of BioScience JO - American Journal of BioScience SP - 11 EP - 20 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-0167 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20231101.12 AB - The continuous increase in resistance associated with conventional drugs is gradually shifting focus to herbal remedies as an alternative globally. This study was designed to investigate the immunostimulatory and antimicrobial claims of Super-7 herbal mixture (SHM) and Odogwu cleanser herbal mixture (OCHM) commercially available in Enugu State, Nigeria. Immunomodulatory properties of the products on the Delayed Type Hypersensitivity reaction (DTHr), the Primary and Secondary humoral response and the in vivo leucocyte mobilization were evaluated using a total of one hundred and forty-six (146) Swiss albino rats. The spectrum of antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion method using eight (8) selected microorganisms. The LD50 of both products was greater than 100% ml/kg body weight. OCHM elicited significant (pB. subtilis and S. typhi, while only exhibiting antifungal activity against C. albicans (IZD = 9.0±0.0 mm). OCHM was observed to inhibit E. coli, S. typhi, S. aureus, B. subtilis, S. typhi and the fungus C. albicans. An average bioload of 2.8 x 104±1.0 CFU/ml which was higher than the average count (2.8 x 104±1.0 CFU/ml) obtained for OCHM. Conclusively, this study showed that samples of SHM and OCHM exhibited significant immunostimulatory and antimicrobial properties, but also recorded the presence of microbial contaminants. VL - 11 IS - 1 ER -
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