Protected Areas and Management Practices: Evidence in Southwest Nigeria

Mayowa Fasona; Adedoyin Bello; Agbor Ruth

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijepp.20210906.12

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Protected Areas and Management Practices: Evidence in Southwest Nigeria

Mayowa Fasona, Adedoyin Bello, Agbor Ruth

Published in International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy (Volume 9, Issue 6)

Received: 15 September 2021 Accepted: 22 November 2021 Published: 9 February 2022

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Abstract

Forests are important plant communities that consist of trees and other woody vegetation that perform life supporting functions on earth. Forest reserves are areas protected from use mainly by the government in order to preserve this resource. With the phenomenal increasing population globally and in particular Nigeria and over dependence on forest resources, it is crucial to be aware of the rate of deforestation and how to curb it. In view of this, the paper assessed the conditions of the forest reserves and management systems by government officials and communities in south-western Nigeria, particularly Ekiti and Ondo states. Remote sensing techniques and social surveys were employed in carrying out this task. Landsat imagery of 1984, 2000 and 2016 and the Nigerian topographic map of 1960 were the spatial datasets used. Two sets of questionnaires were also used for the study covering community leaders (10), and government agencies (26) to further explain the observed changes and management systems. Results show that there has been a general decline in the area of heavy forests in most of the forest reserves. This decline was as much as 48%, and 54% of its base year size in Ekiti, and Ondo state respectively; which has given way to the emergence of light forests and the underlying rock outcrops. Forests are mainly in care of government officials who widely accepted the reality of deforestation within their jurisdiction while also acknowledging excessive lumbering and forest clearance for agriculture as their main challenges. The need for more aggressive forest regeneration efforts by agencies in charge of the protected areas; urgent delimiting of these reserves, increased capital investment in forest monitoring, and improvement in agricultural system efficiency were recommended.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy (Volume 9, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijepp.20210906.12
Page(s)	140-152
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Forest Degradation, Land Use Land Cover Change, Forest Management, Forest Reserve

References

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[2]	Anjaneyulu, Y. (2005). Introduction to environmental science. Hyderabad, India: BS Publications prepared for the Government of Norway. Meridian Institute.
[3]	Faleyimu O. I., Agbeja B. O. & Akinyemi O. (2010). State of forest regeneration in Southwest Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 8 (26), pp. 3381-3383.
[4]	FAO (2000b). On Definitions of Forest and Forest Change, Forest Resources Assessment Programme Working Paper 33, November, 2000. FAO, Rome, Italy. 15 p.
[5]	Fasona, M. J., Akintuyi, A. O., Udofia, S. K., Akoso, T. M., Ariori, A. N., Adeonipekun, P. A., Agboola, O. O., Ogunsanwo, G. E., Ogundipe, O. T., Soneye, A. O., Omojola, A. S. (2018). Deforestation and Land-Cover Changes in the Forest Reserves and Protected Areas of South West Nigeria. Lagos Journal of Geo-Information Sciences Vol 5, pp. 67-87.
[6]	FME (2006): National Forest Policy. Abuja, Nigeria. Federal Ministry of Environment.
[7]	GOFC-GOLD (2016). A sourcebook of methods and procedures for monitoring and reporting anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission and removals associated with deforestation, gains and losses of carbon stocks in forests, remaining forests and forestation. GOFC-GOLD Report version COP22-1, (GOFC-GOLD Land Cover Project Office. Wageningen University, The Netherlands).
[8]	Gordon Bonan (2009). Forests and climate change: Forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC, Science 320, 1444.
[9]	Houghton R. A. (2005). Tropical deforestation as a source of GHG emissions. Amazon institute for environmental research and environmental defence. Belem, Brazil. Pp 13-22.
[10]	Imasuen, O. I.; Oshodi, J. N.; Onyeobi, T. U. S (2013). Protected areas for environmental sustainability in Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, Vol. 17 (1) 53-58.
[11]	Jonathan M. Harris & Maliheh Birjandi Feriz (2011). Forests, agriculture, and climate: Economics and policy issues. A GDAE teaching module on social and environmental issues in economics. Tufts University Medford, MA 02155.
[12]	Myers E. C. (2007). Policies to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) in Tropical Forests: An examination of the issues facing the incorporation of REDD into market-based climate policies. Resources for the future (pp 1-3).
[13]	Ogunsola, O. E.; Yaya, O. S (2019). Maximum and Minimum Temperatures in South-Western Nigeria: Time trends, Seasonality and Persistence. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1299 (2019) 012057.
[14]	Orimoogunje O. O. I. (2000). Vegetation: A sustainer being endangered. Paper Presented at National Conference on Environmental Education held at Ekiadolor College of Education between 15th and 17th Nov. 2000.
[15]	Oyebo M. A. (2006). History of forest management in Nigeria from 19th century to date. In: Imperatives of space technology for sustainable forest Management. International Stakeholders Workshop, Abuja.
[16]	Phutchard Vicharnakorn, Rajendra P. Shrestha, Masahiko Nagai, Abdul P. Salam& Somboon Kiratiprayoon (2014). Carbon Stock Assessment Using Remote Sensing and Forest Inventory Data in Savannakhet, Lao PDR. Remote Sensing (6) 5452-5479; doi: 10.3390/rs6065452.
[17]	Richard J. Culas (2012). REDD and Forest transition: Tunneling through the environmental Kutznets Curve. Ecological Economics 79 (2012) 44-51.
[18]	Simon Counsell (2009). Forest Governance in Africa. Governance of Africa’s resources programme. Ocassional paper No 50. South African Institute of International Affairs, Johannesburg, South Africa.

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APA Style

Mayowa Fasona, Adedoyin Bello, Agbor Ruth. (2022). Protected Areas and Management Practices: Evidence in Southwest Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 9(6), 140-152. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20210906.12

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ACS Style

Mayowa Fasona; Adedoyin Bello; Agbor Ruth. Protected Areas and Management Practices: Evidence in Southwest Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Prot. Policy 2022, 9(6), 140-152. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20210906.12

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AMA Style

Mayowa Fasona, Adedoyin Bello, Agbor Ruth. Protected Areas and Management Practices: Evidence in Southwest Nigeria. Int J Environ Prot Policy. 2022;9(6):140-152. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20210906.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijepp.20210906.12,
  author = {Mayowa Fasona and Adedoyin Bello and Agbor Ruth},
  title = {Protected Areas and Management Practices: Evidence in Southwest Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy},
  volume = {9},
  number = {6},
  pages = {140-152},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijepp.20210906.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20210906.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepp.20210906.12},
  abstract = {Forests are important plant communities that consist of trees and other woody vegetation that perform life supporting functions on earth. Forest reserves are areas protected from use mainly by the government in order to preserve this resource. With the phenomenal increasing population globally and in particular Nigeria and over dependence on forest resources, it is crucial to be aware of the rate of deforestation and how to curb it. In view of this, the paper assessed the conditions of the forest reserves and management systems by government officials and communities in south-western Nigeria, particularly Ekiti and Ondo states. Remote sensing techniques and social surveys were employed in carrying out this task. Landsat imagery of 1984, 2000 and 2016 and the Nigerian topographic map of 1960 were the spatial datasets used. Two sets of questionnaires were also used for the study covering community leaders (10), and government agencies (26) to further explain the observed changes and management systems. Results show that there has been a general decline in the area of heavy forests in most of the forest reserves. This decline was as much as 48%, and 54% of its base year size in Ekiti, and Ondo state respectively; which has given way to the emergence of light forests and the underlying rock outcrops. Forests are mainly in care of government officials who widely accepted the reality of deforestation within their jurisdiction while also acknowledging excessive lumbering and forest clearance for agriculture as their main challenges. The need for more aggressive forest regeneration efforts by agencies in charge of the protected areas; urgent delimiting of these reserves, increased capital investment in forest monitoring, and improvement in agricultural system efficiency were recommended.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Protected Areas and Management Practices: Evidence in Southwest Nigeria
AU  - Mayowa Fasona
AU  - Adedoyin Bello
AU  - Agbor Ruth
Y1  - 2022/02/09
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20210906.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepp.20210906.12
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
SP  - 140
EP  - 152
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7536
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20210906.12
AB  - Forests are important plant communities that consist of trees and other woody vegetation that perform life supporting functions on earth. Forest reserves are areas protected from use mainly by the government in order to preserve this resource. With the phenomenal increasing population globally and in particular Nigeria and over dependence on forest resources, it is crucial to be aware of the rate of deforestation and how to curb it. In view of this, the paper assessed the conditions of the forest reserves and management systems by government officials and communities in south-western Nigeria, particularly Ekiti and Ondo states. Remote sensing techniques and social surveys were employed in carrying out this task. Landsat imagery of 1984, 2000 and 2016 and the Nigerian topographic map of 1960 were the spatial datasets used. Two sets of questionnaires were also used for the study covering community leaders (10), and government agencies (26) to further explain the observed changes and management systems. Results show that there has been a general decline in the area of heavy forests in most of the forest reserves. This decline was as much as 48%, and 54% of its base year size in Ekiti, and Ondo state respectively; which has given way to the emergence of light forests and the underlying rock outcrops. Forests are mainly in care of government officials who widely accepted the reality of deforestation within their jurisdiction while also acknowledging excessive lumbering and forest clearance for agriculture as their main challenges. The need for more aggressive forest regeneration efforts by agencies in charge of the protected areas; urgent delimiting of these reserves, increased capital investment in forest monitoring, and improvement in agricultural system efficiency were recommended.
VL  - 9
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Mayowa Fasona

Department of Geography, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Nigeria
Adedoyin Bello

Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Crescent University, Abeokuta, Nigeria
Agbor Ruth

Laboratory for Remote Sensing and Cartography, Department of Geography, University of Lagos, Akoka-Yaba, Nigeria

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APA Style

Mayowa Fasona, Adedoyin Bello, Agbor Ruth. (2022). Protected Areas and Management Practices: Evidence in Southwest Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 9(6), 140-152. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20210906.12

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ACS Style

Mayowa Fasona; Adedoyin Bello; Agbor Ruth. Protected Areas and Management Practices: Evidence in Southwest Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Prot. Policy 2022, 9(6), 140-152. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20210906.12

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AMA Style

Mayowa Fasona, Adedoyin Bello, Agbor Ruth. Protected Areas and Management Practices: Evidence in Southwest Nigeria. Int J Environ Prot Policy. 2022;9(6):140-152. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20210906.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijepp.20210906.12,
  author = {Mayowa Fasona and Adedoyin Bello and Agbor Ruth},
  title = {Protected Areas and Management Practices: Evidence in Southwest Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy},
  volume = {9},
  number = {6},
  pages = {140-152},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijepp.20210906.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20210906.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepp.20210906.12},
  abstract = {Forests are important plant communities that consist of trees and other woody vegetation that perform life supporting functions on earth. Forest reserves are areas protected from use mainly by the government in order to preserve this resource. With the phenomenal increasing population globally and in particular Nigeria and over dependence on forest resources, it is crucial to be aware of the rate of deforestation and how to curb it. In view of this, the paper assessed the conditions of the forest reserves and management systems by government officials and communities in south-western Nigeria, particularly Ekiti and Ondo states. Remote sensing techniques and social surveys were employed in carrying out this task. Landsat imagery of 1984, 2000 and 2016 and the Nigerian topographic map of 1960 were the spatial datasets used. Two sets of questionnaires were also used for the study covering community leaders (10), and government agencies (26) to further explain the observed changes and management systems. Results show that there has been a general decline in the area of heavy forests in most of the forest reserves. This decline was as much as 48%, and 54% of its base year size in Ekiti, and Ondo state respectively; which has given way to the emergence of light forests and the underlying rock outcrops. Forests are mainly in care of government officials who widely accepted the reality of deforestation within their jurisdiction while also acknowledging excessive lumbering and forest clearance for agriculture as their main challenges. The need for more aggressive forest regeneration efforts by agencies in charge of the protected areas; urgent delimiting of these reserves, increased capital investment in forest monitoring, and improvement in agricultural system efficiency were recommended.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Protected Areas and Management Practices: Evidence in Southwest Nigeria
AU  - Mayowa Fasona
AU  - Adedoyin Bello
AU  - Agbor Ruth
Y1  - 2022/02/09
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20210906.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepp.20210906.12
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
SP  - 140
EP  - 152
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7536
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20210906.12
AB  - Forests are important plant communities that consist of trees and other woody vegetation that perform life supporting functions on earth. Forest reserves are areas protected from use mainly by the government in order to preserve this resource. With the phenomenal increasing population globally and in particular Nigeria and over dependence on forest resources, it is crucial to be aware of the rate of deforestation and how to curb it. In view of this, the paper assessed the conditions of the forest reserves and management systems by government officials and communities in south-western Nigeria, particularly Ekiti and Ondo states. Remote sensing techniques and social surveys were employed in carrying out this task. Landsat imagery of 1984, 2000 and 2016 and the Nigerian topographic map of 1960 were the spatial datasets used. Two sets of questionnaires were also used for the study covering community leaders (10), and government agencies (26) to further explain the observed changes and management systems. Results show that there has been a general decline in the area of heavy forests in most of the forest reserves. This decline was as much as 48%, and 54% of its base year size in Ekiti, and Ondo state respectively; which has given way to the emergence of light forests and the underlying rock outcrops. Forests are mainly in care of government officials who widely accepted the reality of deforestation within their jurisdiction while also acknowledging excessive lumbering and forest clearance for agriculture as their main challenges. The need for more aggressive forest regeneration efforts by agencies in charge of the protected areas; urgent delimiting of these reserves, increased capital investment in forest monitoring, and improvement in agricultural system efficiency were recommended.
VL  - 9
IS  - 6
ER  -

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