Risk Assessment of Natural Radionuclides and Radon Gas in the Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mine of Buhemba, Tanzania

Erasto Focus; Msafiri Jackson; Charles Simon; Emmanuel Njale; Anna Kanyanemu; Yohana Siyajali Anatory; Makoye Mhozya; Pamela Semiono

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijepp.20221003.12

Risk Assessment of Natural Radionuclides and Radon Gas in the Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mine of Buhemba, Tanzania

Erasto Focus, Msafiri Jackson, Charles Simon, Emmanuel Njale, Anna Kanyanemu, Yohana Siyajali Anatory, Makoye Mhozya, Pamela Semiono

Published in International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy (Volume 10, Issue 3)

Received: 4 May 2022 Accepted: 18 May 2022 Published: 31 May 2022

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Abstract

Currently, the mining industry in Tanzania faces significant challenges including the presence of radionuclides in the working environment. In this work, different indices were applied to assess the health risk of people living and working in the study area. The radiation hazards in the studied mining areas are compared with the recommended local and international guidelines. The health risk and mitigation measures due to radioactive elements exposure to mine workers and people dwelling in the mines is established. The hyper pure germanium detector (HPGe) was used for radioactivity analysis. The radon gas levels were measured using the Alpha Guard radon monitor. The results on radioactivity; mean effective dose; annual gonadal equivalent and absorbed dose; radium equivalent; internal and external hazard indices; alpha and gamma indices; and the radon gas revealed high values in mining areas compared to the control area. However, some of the levels of radionuclides along with their hazard indices are lower than the recommended international limits. The mitigation measures which include dust suppression using water spray and the use protection gears such as masks and gloves are recommended. The present study recommends follow up and further studies in the ASGM subsector.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy (Volume 10, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijepp.20221003.12
Page(s)	48-58
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Radionuclides, Mining Pollution, Buhemba Small Scale Gold Miners, Radiological Hazard Indices, Risk Assessment, Risk Characterization, Gamma Spectroscopy

References

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APA Style

Erasto Focus, Msafiri Jackson, Charles Simon, Emmanuel Njale, Anna Kanyanemu, et al. (2022). Risk Assessment of Natural Radionuclides and Radon Gas in the Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mine of Buhemba, Tanzania. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 10(3), 48-58. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221003.12

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ACS Style

Erasto Focus; Msafiri Jackson; Charles Simon; Emmanuel Njale; Anna Kanyanemu, et al. Risk Assessment of Natural Radionuclides and Radon Gas in the Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mine of Buhemba, Tanzania. Int. J. Environ. Prot. Policy 2022, 10(3), 48-58. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20221003.12

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AMA Style

Erasto Focus, Msafiri Jackson, Charles Simon, Emmanuel Njale, Anna Kanyanemu, et al. Risk Assessment of Natural Radionuclides and Radon Gas in the Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mine of Buhemba, Tanzania. Int J Environ Prot Policy. 2022;10(3):48-58. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20221003.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijepp.20221003.12,
  author = {Erasto Focus and Msafiri Jackson and Charles Simon and Emmanuel Njale and Anna Kanyanemu and Yohana Siyajali Anatory and Makoye Mhozya and Pamela Semiono},
  title = {Risk Assessment of Natural Radionuclides and Radon Gas in the Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mine of Buhemba, Tanzania},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {48-58},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijepp.20221003.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221003.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepp.20221003.12},
  abstract = {Currently, the mining industry in Tanzania faces significant challenges including the presence of radionuclides in the working environment. In this work, different indices were applied to assess the health risk of people living and working in the study area. The radiation hazards in the studied mining areas are compared with the recommended local and international guidelines. The health risk and mitigation measures due to radioactive elements exposure to mine workers and people dwelling in the mines is established. The hyper pure germanium detector (HPGe) was used for radioactivity analysis. The radon gas levels were measured using the Alpha Guard radon monitor. The results on radioactivity; mean effective dose; annual gonadal equivalent and absorbed dose; radium equivalent; internal and external hazard indices; alpha and gamma indices; and the radon gas revealed high values in mining areas compared to the control area. However, some of the levels of radionuclides along with their hazard indices are lower than the recommended international limits. The mitigation measures which include dust suppression using water spray and the use protection gears such as masks and gloves are recommended. The present study recommends follow up and further studies in the ASGM subsector.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Risk Assessment of Natural Radionuclides and Radon Gas in the Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mine of Buhemba, Tanzania
AU  - Erasto Focus
AU  - Msafiri Jackson
AU  - Charles Simon
AU  - Emmanuel Njale
AU  - Anna Kanyanemu
AU  - Yohana Siyajali Anatory
AU  - Makoye Mhozya
AU  - Pamela Semiono
Y1  - 2022/05/31
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221003.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepp.20221003.12
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
SP  - 48
EP  - 58
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7536
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221003.12
AB  - Currently, the mining industry in Tanzania faces significant challenges including the presence of radionuclides in the working environment. In this work, different indices were applied to assess the health risk of people living and working in the study area. The radiation hazards in the studied mining areas are compared with the recommended local and international guidelines. The health risk and mitigation measures due to radioactive elements exposure to mine workers and people dwelling in the mines is established. The hyper pure germanium detector (HPGe) was used for radioactivity analysis. The radon gas levels were measured using the Alpha Guard radon monitor. The results on radioactivity; mean effective dose; annual gonadal equivalent and absorbed dose; radium equivalent; internal and external hazard indices; alpha and gamma indices; and the radon gas revealed high values in mining areas compared to the control area. However, some of the levels of radionuclides along with their hazard indices are lower than the recommended international limits. The mitigation measures which include dust suppression using water spray and the use protection gears such as masks and gloves are recommended. The present study recommends follow up and further studies in the ASGM subsector.
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Erasto Focus

Department of Physics, Mwalimu Nyerere University of Agriculture and Technology (MJNUAT), Mara, Tanzania
Msafiri Jackson

Department of Environmental Engineering, Mwalimu Nyerere University of Agriculture and Technology (MJNUAT), Mara, Tanzania
Charles Simon

Department of Environmental Engineering, Mwalimu Nyerere University of Agriculture and Technology (MJNUAT), Mara, Tanzania
Emmanuel Njale

Department of Chemistry, Mwalimu Nyerere University of Agriculture and Technology (MJNUAT), Mara, Tanzania
Anna Kanyanemu

Department of Agriculture, Mwalimu Nyerere University of Agriculture and Technology (MJNUAT), Mara, Tanzania
Yohana Siyajali Anatory

Department of Veterinary Sciences, Mwalimu Nyerere University of Agriculture and Technology (MJNUAT), Mara, Tanzania
Makoye Mhozya

Department of Veterinary Sciences, Mwalimu Nyerere University of Agriculture and Technology (MJNUAT), Mara, Tanzania
Pamela Semiono

Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, The Open University of Tanzania (OUT), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

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Erasto Focus, Msafiri Jackson, Charles Simon, Emmanuel Njale, Anna Kanyanemu, et al. (2022). Risk Assessment of Natural Radionuclides and Radon Gas in the Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mine of Buhemba, Tanzania. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 10(3), 48-58. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221003.12

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ACS Style

Erasto Focus; Msafiri Jackson; Charles Simon; Emmanuel Njale; Anna Kanyanemu, et al. Risk Assessment of Natural Radionuclides and Radon Gas in the Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mine of Buhemba, Tanzania. Int. J. Environ. Prot. Policy 2022, 10(3), 48-58. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20221003.12

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AMA Style

Erasto Focus, Msafiri Jackson, Charles Simon, Emmanuel Njale, Anna Kanyanemu, et al. Risk Assessment of Natural Radionuclides and Radon Gas in the Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mine of Buhemba, Tanzania. Int J Environ Prot Policy. 2022;10(3):48-58. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20221003.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijepp.20221003.12,
  author = {Erasto Focus and Msafiri Jackson and Charles Simon and Emmanuel Njale and Anna Kanyanemu and Yohana Siyajali Anatory and Makoye Mhozya and Pamela Semiono},
  title = {Risk Assessment of Natural Radionuclides and Radon Gas in the Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mine of Buhemba, Tanzania},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {48-58},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijepp.20221003.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221003.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepp.20221003.12},
  abstract = {Currently, the mining industry in Tanzania faces significant challenges including the presence of radionuclides in the working environment. In this work, different indices were applied to assess the health risk of people living and working in the study area. The radiation hazards in the studied mining areas are compared with the recommended local and international guidelines. The health risk and mitigation measures due to radioactive elements exposure to mine workers and people dwelling in the mines is established. The hyper pure germanium detector (HPGe) was used for radioactivity analysis. The radon gas levels were measured using the Alpha Guard radon monitor. The results on radioactivity; mean effective dose; annual gonadal equivalent and absorbed dose; radium equivalent; internal and external hazard indices; alpha and gamma indices; and the radon gas revealed high values in mining areas compared to the control area. However, some of the levels of radionuclides along with their hazard indices are lower than the recommended international limits. The mitigation measures which include dust suppression using water spray and the use protection gears such as masks and gloves are recommended. The present study recommends follow up and further studies in the ASGM subsector.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Risk Assessment of Natural Radionuclides and Radon Gas in the Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mine of Buhemba, Tanzania
AU  - Erasto Focus
AU  - Msafiri Jackson
AU  - Charles Simon
AU  - Emmanuel Njale
AU  - Anna Kanyanemu
AU  - Yohana Siyajali Anatory
AU  - Makoye Mhozya
AU  - Pamela Semiono
Y1  - 2022/05/31
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221003.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepp.20221003.12
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
SP  - 48
EP  - 58
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7536
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20221003.12
AB  - Currently, the mining industry in Tanzania faces significant challenges including the presence of radionuclides in the working environment. In this work, different indices were applied to assess the health risk of people living and working in the study area. The radiation hazards in the studied mining areas are compared with the recommended local and international guidelines. The health risk and mitigation measures due to radioactive elements exposure to mine workers and people dwelling in the mines is established. The hyper pure germanium detector (HPGe) was used for radioactivity analysis. The radon gas levels were measured using the Alpha Guard radon monitor. The results on radioactivity; mean effective dose; annual gonadal equivalent and absorbed dose; radium equivalent; internal and external hazard indices; alpha and gamma indices; and the radon gas revealed high values in mining areas compared to the control area. However, some of the levels of radionuclides along with their hazard indices are lower than the recommended international limits. The mitigation measures which include dust suppression using water spray and the use protection gears such as masks and gloves are recommended. The present study recommends follow up and further studies in the ASGM subsector.
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download